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近现代德国的特殊历史命运和哈贝马斯对专制集权统治的亲身经历,使哈贝马斯饱尝民主离场之痛,从此哈贝马斯对哲学和政治的密切关系保持深刻的警醒;晚期资本主义社会面临的民主实践危机——生活世界殖民化和合法性危机,使哈贝马斯坚定了法兰克福学派的社会批判立场。哈贝马斯分析了自由主义民主理论和共和主义民主理论的缺陷、前期批判理论的问题,明确西方民主理论和现实问题的哲学根源。民主实践的危机和民主理论的荒芜,加之知识分子的道义担当,哈贝马斯成为一名民主斗士,为民主的重建在理论创作和民主实践上孜孜以求。
The special historical destiny of modern Germany and Habermas’s experience of dictatorship make Habermas suffer from the demise of democracy. From then on, Habermas maintains a deep vigilance on the close relationship between philosophy and politics. The crisis of democratic practice faced by the capitalist society - the crisis of colonization and legitimacy in the world of life has given Habermas firm social criticism from the Frankfurt School. Habermas analyzes the defects of liberal democratic theory and republican democratic theory, the problems of early critical theory, and clarifies the philosophical roots of western democratic theory and realistic problems. The crisis of democratic practice and the barrenness of democratic theory, combined with the moral responsibility of intellectuals, Habermas has become a democratic fighter and pursued his theoretical creation and democratic practice for the reconstruction of democracy.