在最近20年,由于病原菌在流行病学中的变异和新的抗生素的利用,致使抗生素治疗脑膜炎有了新的变化,本文扼要讨论婴幼儿脑膜炎疗法的新进展。Parkland Memorial医院和Dallas儿科医疗中心在年1969～1982年共收治化脓性脑膜炎1,615例。其中病原菌为嗜血流感杆菌1,031例(57%),脑膜炎双球菌215例(12%),肺炎双球菌152例(18%),B组链球菌128例(7%)。大肠杆菌74例(4.1%),李司特氏菌15例(0.8%)。它们的病死率分别为4.6%、6.5%、9.2%、19%、19%、0。确诊化脓性脑膜炎后,尽可能迅速地进行抗菌治疗,从脑脊液中消灭病原菌。在治疗的最初48～72小时,应在急救中心进行处理,要作好细致护理,调整液体和电解质的平衡,控制颅内压的增高,止痉,并 In the last two decades, there have been new changes in antibiotic-treated meningitis due to pathogenic changes in epidemiology and the use of new antibiotics. This article summarizes the recent advances in meningitis treatment in infants and young children. Parkland Memorial Hospital and Dallas Pediatric Medical Center in the year 1969 ~ 1982 were treated with purulent meningitis in 1,615 cases. Among them, 1,031 (57%) were Haemophilus influenzae, 215 (12%) were meningococci, 152 (18%) were pneumococci, and 128 (7%) were group B streptococci. 74 cases of E. coli (4.1%), and 15 cases of Listeria (0.8%). Their case fatality rates were 4.6%, 6.5%, 9.2%, 19%, 19%, respectively. After confirmatory purulent meningitis, antibacterial treatment as quickly as possible, eliminate pathogenic bacteria from the cerebrospinal fluid. In the first 48 to 72 hours of treatment should be handled in the emergency center, to be meticulous care, adjust the balance of liquid and electrolyte, control of increased intracranial pressure, stop spasm, and