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交通防汛管理是历年来城市防汛工作的重点和难点。系统总结了北京市近年来道路积滞水灾害概况并剖析其原因,主要包括:(1)排水设施标准偏低;(2)城区不透水面积增加;(3)断头路和断头管的影响等。为降低灾害损失,北京市在汛期交通应急指挥体系建设、易积滞水点改造、工程规划前期等领域采取了系列改进措施。虽然这些措施已取得良好的效果,但是在精准确定洪涝风险区、实时发布动态预警及径流源头控制等方面还存在着不足之处。建议从以下3个方面进行改进:(1)利用洪涝模拟技术提升规划道路系统防洪排涝安全设计标准:(2)应用大数据技术主动发布积水信息帮助公众调整出行计划;(3)深入贯彻落实海绵城市建设理念,多措并举从源头控制道路雨水径流。上述建议有助于提升交通系统的防洪排涝水平,提高应急处理能力,削减城市雨水径流总量,进而可保障城市交通系统汛期安全运行,服务于海绵城市构建的远景目标。
Traffic flood control is the focus of urban flood control over the years and difficulties. This paper summarizes the causes of accumulated water disasters in Beijing in recent years and analyzes the reasons, including: (1) the low standard of drainage facilities; (2) the increase of impervious area in urban areas; (3) Influence and so on. In order to reduce the disaster loss, Beijing Municipality has taken a series of improvement measures in the areas of traffic emergency command system construction, water dewatering improvement and pre-construction planning in flood season. Although these measures have achieved good results, there are still some shortcomings in accurately identifying flood risk areas, issuing dynamic warnings in real time and controlling the source of runoff. Proposed to improve from the following three aspects: (1) the use of flood simulation technology to improve the design of flood control and drainage system of road safety standards: (2) the application of big data technology initiative to release water information to help the public adjust travel plans; (3) thoroughly implement Sponge urban construction concept, take any precautions to control the flow of rainwater from the source. The above suggestions can help to improve the flood control and drainage levels of transportation systems, enhance emergency response capacity, and reduce the total amount of urban stormwater runoff, thus ensuring the safe operation of urban traffic system in flood season and serving the long-term goal of sponge city construction.