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【目的】研究不同用量、不同种类有机肥对土壤养分含量和酶活性的影响。【方法】在渭北旱塬进行连续2年(2007-2009年)的有机培肥定位试验,以单施化肥处理为对照,研究施用不同量秸秆(9 000,6 000 kg/hm2)和厩肥(22 500,11 250 kg/hm2)后,不同土层(0~20,20~40 cm)土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性的变化。【结果】2008年,20~40 cm土层,各有机培肥处理土壤有机质含量较对照增幅为26.87%~33.49%,且差异显著;各有机培肥处理2年的碱解氮和速效磷含量分别在0~40和0~20 cm土层与对照间差异达显著水平;2009年,各有机培肥处理0~20,20~40 cm土层速效钾含量与对照差异均达显著水平,增幅分别为16.86%~35.85%和11.34%~22.61%。有机培肥处理2年,0~40 cm土层的土壤脲酶活性与对照差异均不显著;2009年0~20 cm土层秸秆(9 000,6 000kg/hm2)和厩肥(22 500 kg/hm2)处理的蔗糖酶活性较对照分别提高了0.19,0.18,0.13 mg/(g.h),且差异显著;2008年,各有机培肥处理0~20 cm土层磷酸酶活性与对照的差异均达到显著水平。相关分析表明,磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性与有机质、全氮及速效养分均呈极显著正相关。【结论】有机培肥可以显著提高土壤有机质和速效养分的含量,且对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性有一定的改善作用。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the effects of different dosage and different types of organic manures on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity. 【Method】 The experiment of organic fertilization was carried out in Weibei highland for two consecutive years (2007-2009). Using single chemical fertilizer as control, the effects of applying different amount of straw (9 000,6 000 kg / hm2) and manure (22 500, 11 250 kg / hm2), the changes of soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities in different soil layers (0-20, 20-40 cm) were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that in 20-40 cm soil layer, the content of organic matter in soil increased by 26.87% -33.49% compared with the control in 20-40 cm soil layer in 2008, and the difference was significant. The content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus Respectively. The difference between 0-40 and 0-20 cm soil layers and the control was significant. In 2009, the available potassium content of 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers of organic fertilizers were significantly different from the control Respectively, from 16.86% to 35.85% and from 11.34% to 22.61%. There was no significant difference in soil urease activity between 0-40 cm soil layer and organic fertilizers for 2 years. No significant difference was observed in soil urease activity at 0-20 cm soil layer in 2009 (9 000,6 000 kg / hm2) and manure (22 500 kg / hm2) ) Treatment sucrose enzyme activity increased 0.19,0.18,0.13 mg / (gh), respectively, compared with the control, and the difference was significant; in 2008, the organic fertilizer treatment 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer phosphatase activity and control were significantly different Level. Correlation analysis showed that the activities of phosphatase, urease and invertase were significantly and positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen and available nutrients. 【Conclusion】 Organic fertilizers can significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter and available nutrients, and improve the activity of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase.