我国是一个传统的农业大国,农村的医疗保障水平决定了我国总体医疗水平状况。虽然新型农村合作医疗制度的实施缓解了农民“看病难,看病贵”的问题,但是因病返贫问题还是比较突出。因此,完善贫困地区农村的医疗保障制度成了日益严峻的问题。本文以内蒙古托克托县为例,探究在中西部贫困地区的农村如何构建比较合理的医疗保障制度,同时也提出了笔者自己的一些见解。 China is a traditional agricultural country. The level of medical security in rural areas determines the overall medical condition in China. Although the implementation of the new rural cooperative medical system alleviated the problem of farmers’ “difficulties in visiting the doctor and expensive medical services,” the problem of returning to poverty due to illness was still rather prominent. Therefore, improving the medical security system in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas has become an increasingly serious problem. Taking the Tuoketuo County of Inner Mongolia as an example, this article explores how to construct a more reasonable medical security system in the rural areas in the poverty-stricken central and western regions. At the same time, it also proposes some of the author’s own opinions.