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我国的含油气沉积盆地以经历过多次构造与沉积叠加为特征,可用“叠合盆地”去统称那些由两种或两种以上类型的原型盆地叠加或复合在一起的盆地.这些盆地的特性可概括为“多期成盆、多期改造、多套烃源岩、多次生排烃、多期运聚散”.针对叠合盆地的特性,应用波动分析方法进行“成盆-成烃-成藏”过程分析,建立油气成藏体系理论将有助于提高此类盆地的油气勘探效率.以塔里木盆地为例,重点介绍当前在成盆、成烃及成藏研究过程中的重大进展.成盆研究进展有:(i)地球物理综合剖面揭示了塔里木板块向天山造山带的“层间插入消减”以及具有东西分段特征;(ii)沉积-地球化学综合剖面研究成果揭示了库车坳陷中新生代的演化阶段及盆地性质;(iii)野外调查及应力恢复结果显示,第四纪以来库车坳陷处于天山挤压隆升后的浅层重力伸展阶段.成烃研究进展有:(i)建立了海相碳酸盐岩优质烃源岩发育的环境指标;(ii)确立了有效碳酸盐岩烃源岩的有机质丰度下限.成藏研究进展有:(i)建立起适应不同条件下流体包裹体古压力与古温度确定方法;(ii)通过油源对比分析,指出轮南、塔河地区的原油可能源于中上奥陶统源岩;(iii)对轮南地区不同时代储层石油包裹体进行分期并探讨其形成时间.
The petroleum-bearing sedimentary basins in China are characterized by a number of structural and sedimentary overlaps that can be collectively referred to as basins superimposed or compound by two or more prototype basins. It can be summarized as “multi-phase basin transformation, multiple sets of source rock, multiple hydrocarbon generation and discharge, multi-phase transport and dispersion.” According to the characteristics of superimposed basins, - Accumulation “process, the establishment of oil and gas accumulation system theory will help to improve the efficiency of oil and gas exploration in these basins.In this paper, taking Tarim Basin as an example, the current progress in the process of basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon accumulation is highlighted (I) The integrated geophysical profile has revealed ”intercalation and subduction" of the Tarim plate to the Tianshan orogenic belt and has segmental features; (ii) The results of a sedimentary-geochemical composite profile study reveal that (Iii) field investigation and stress recovery results show that the Kuqa depression has been in the shallow gravitational extension stage after the Tianshan uplift since Quaternary. (Ii) Established the lower limit of organic matter abundance for effective source rocks of carbonate rocks, and the progress made in the research of reservoir formation includes: (i) ) Established the method of determining the paleo-pressure and palaeofluid of fluid inclusions under different conditions; (ii) According to the comparative analysis of oil sources, it is pointed out that the crude oil in Lunnan and Tahe areas may originate from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks; (iii) Oil stages of reservoirs staged in different periods in South China were staged and their formation time was discussed.