对焊缝超声检测,提出根据脉冲回波和相控阵法所获得的缺陷衍射回波幅度比,将缺陷分为体型缺陷和面型缺陷的新方法。设计并制作了专用表型试块,试块中设有一系列深度位置不一、自身高宽比不同的体型缺陷和面型缺陷,选用不同的相控阵探头,不同的声束角度,通过实测试验,找到了回波幅度比与缺陷高宽比的相关性曲线,界定了缺陷定型的三个区域(体型区、面型区、过渡区)。此法对承压设备UT高效可靠评定验收焊接质量,满足法规标准要求,具有重要意义,值得推广应用。 According to ultrasonic testing of welding seam, a new method of dividing the defect into volume defect and surface defect is proposed based on the amplitude ratio of the defect diffraction echo obtained by pulse echo and phased array method. A series of special phenotypic test blocks were designed and fabricated. The test block was equipped with a series of body defects and surface defects with different depth positions and different aspect ratios. Different phased array probes and different sound beam angles were adopted. Experiments show that the echo amplitude ratio and defect aspect ratio of the correlation curve, defines the defect stereotypes of the three regions (body area, area, transition zone). This method of pressure equipment UT efficient and reliable assessment of acceptance welding quality, to meet regulatory standards, is of great significance, it is worth promoting.