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一、现状铁路是国民经济的大动脉和“先行官”,同时又是政治、国防、人民生活不可缺少的组成部分,尤其是我国经济落后,交通运输不发达,铁路更具有特殊重要地位。 1891年铁路客运量完成9.4亿人次,客运周转量1473亿人公里,占各种现代化运输(铁路、公路、水运、民航)总客运周转量的58.9％;货运量完成了10.48亿吨,货物周转量为5723.4亿吨公里,占各种现代化运输货物周转量的50.2％。铁路运输部门的产品是人和货物的位移,完成上述客、货周转量,离不开能源。而铁路耗能结构中,最重要、最大量的是煤炭。
First, the status quo The railway is the main artery of the national economy and “pioneer”, but also an integral part of politics, national defense and people’s lives, especially in China’s backward economy, transportation is underdeveloped, the railway has a more important special status. In 1891, the passenger traffic volume of railways reached 940 million passengers and the passenger traffic volume reached 147.3 billion passenger kilometers, accounting for 58.9% of the total passenger traffic volume of all kinds of modernized transportation (rail, road, waterway and civil aviation); the freight traffic volume reached 1.048 billion tons and the turnover of goods The volume is 572.34 billion ton-kilometers, accounting for 50.2% of the turnover of various modernized transport cargoes. The product of the railway transportation department is the displacement of people and goods, and the completion of the passenger and cargo turnover mentioned above can not be separated from energy. The railway energy structure, the most important, the largest amount of coal.