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传统阳离子聚合只能在低温、无水、无氧和高纯惰性气体保护下进行,归因于共引发剂Lewis酸对水高度敏感,即使少量水存在也能令其失效。由于“绿色化学”概念的提出,水作为一种环境友好的绿色溶剂也一直受到工业界的青睐。近十几年来,随着耐水性引发体系的发展,使得水相体系中进行阳离子聚合成为了可能,改变了传统阳离子聚合的观念,这种新方法也备受人们的关注。本文首先介绍了水相阳离子聚合的机理,重点阐述了不同单体的水相阳离子聚合及其匹配的耐水性引发体系的研究和发展,并指出不同引发体系的优势与不足,最后总结了水相阳离子聚合中存在的问题,展望了水相阳离子聚合的研究方向和发展前景。
Conventional cationic polymerization can only be carried out under the protection of low temperature, anhydrous, anaerobic and high purity inert gases, due to the fact that the co-initiator Lewis acid is highly water-sensitive and can deactivate even small amounts of water. Due to the concept of “green chemistry”, water has also been favored by the industry as an environmentally friendly green solvent. In recent ten years, with the development of water-resistant initiating system, it is possible to carry out cationic polymerization in aqueous system, changing the concept of traditional cationic polymerization. This new method is also attracting much attention. In this paper, the mechanism of aqueous cationic polymerization is firstly introduced. The research and development of aqueous cationic polymerization of different monomers and their matching water-resistant initiating systems are emphatically described. The advantages and disadvantages of different initiating systems are also pointed out. Finally, Cationic polymerization problems, prospects of the water phase cationic polymerization research direction and development prospects.