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西美尔从新康德主义和生命哲学的理论立场出发,把文化看成是生命主体同化外部对象的过程。文化一开始就包含了生命主体与外部对象之间的冲突倾向。这种冲突在资本主义社会达到空前尖锐的程度,它具体表现为物的文化形式严重束缚人的主观创造力的发挥。西美尔把生产和消费过程中的劳动分工看成是这种冲突的原因,并主张通过艺术的总体和开明的文化政策来消除这种现代文化的异化。西美尔对资本主义文化的剖析反映了他浪漫主义反资本主义的思想特征以及方法论上的非历史主义。
From the theoretical standpoint of neo-Kantianism and life philosophy, Simmel considers culture as the process of assimilating external objects by life subject. Culture begins with the tendency of conflict between the subject of life and the external object. This kind of conflict has reached an unprecedented sharpness in the capitalist society. The concrete manifestation is that the cultural forms of things seriously hamper the subjective creativity of the people. Simmel regarded the division of labor in the process of production and consumption as the cause of such conflicts and advocated the elimination of the alienation of this modern culture through the general and enlightened cultural policies of the arts. Simmel’s analysis of capitalist culture reflects his romantic and anti-capitalist ideological characteristics as well as the methodology of non-historicism.