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目的 探讨婴幼儿脑外积水的临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月前瞻性诊治 46例婴幼儿脑外积水 ,其中男 2 7例 ,女 1 9例 ,初诊年龄 2～ 1 5个月 ,平均 6 .5个月。1 7例因头围偏大前来就诊 ,2 9例因其他疾病行头颅超声或头颅CT发现异常后转来诊治。笔者分析其影像学表现、生长发育情况及治疗方法。结果 初诊 46例中 38例无症状 ,8例生长发育落后 ,1 1例头围异常增大 (>2SD)。诊断均靠头CT检查。 45例未经治疗 ,生后 1 8个月～ 30个月之间积水消失 ,生长发育正常。 1例积水较多 ,生长发育明显落后 ,行蛛网膜下腔分流术后恢复正常。结论 婴幼儿脑外积水通常无临床症状 ,部分可有头大 ,一过性轻度运动发育落后。CT是诊断的主要工具。该病为自限性疾病 ,多数不需治疗。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus in infants and young children. Methods From January 2000 to June 2002, 46 patients with infantile hydrocephalus were prospectively treated, including 27 males and 19 females, with an average age of 6 to 15 months .5 months. A total of 17 cases were diagnosed due to their large head circumference and 29 cases were diagnosed as having abnormal cranial ultrasound or cranial CT after other diseases. The author analyzes its imaging performance, growth and development and treatment. Results Of the 46 newly diagnosed cases, 38 cases were asymptomatic, 8 cases were out of growth and 11 cases were abnormally enlarged (> 2SD). Diagnosis by head CT examination. 45 cases of untreated, 18 to 30 months after birth, stagnant water, normal growth and development. 1 case of hydrocephalus, growth and development was significantly behind the line after subarachnoid shunt back to normal. Conclusion Infantile hydrocephalus is usually no clinical symptoms of hydrocephalus, some may head big, transient mild motor development and backwardness. CT is the main tool of diagnosis. The disease is self-limited disease, most do not need treatment.