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在长期定位施肥的基础上,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同施肥处理对冬小麦根际土壤与非根际土壤中pH、有机质含量及速效养分含量差异的影响。结果表明,(1)CK和PK处理在不同生育期其根际pH值均低于根外,土壤有机质含量逐渐下降。氮肥及和P、K配施的处理中,根际和非根际的pH值均低于PK和CK。N、NP、NPK处理的根际土壤有机质从拔节到成熟期有先下降后上升的趋势,而NK处理根际和非根际土壤有机质含量均逐渐下降。有机肥和化肥配施的处理中,在拔节期根际pH值均小于根外,在抽穗期和成熟期却相反,有机质含量从拔节期到成熟期均高于化肥处理。(2)CK和PK处理,土壤速效氮在各个时期均较其它处理低。长期施用氮肥和其它肥料配施(N、NP、NK、NPK)处理,在拔节期时,根际与非根际土壤的速效氮含量差异不明显,而根际的速效磷含量最高;到成熟期时,以N、NK处理的速效氮含量最高;偏施钾肥(NK和PK)处理的根际与非根际土壤速效钾含量变化不明显,但高于NPK处理;长期施用有机肥和NPK处理根际土速效氮含量较化肥处理高,以MNPK和1.5MNPK处理表现最明显。除SNPK外,各处理根际和非根际土速效磷含量均明显高于化肥处理,以1.5MNPK处理含量最高。
Based on the long-term fertilization, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the differences of pH, organic matter content and available nutrient contents in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil of winter wheat. The results showed that: (1) CK and PK had lower rhizosphere pH values at different growth stages and soil organic matter content decreased gradually. In the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer and P and K, the pH value in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere was lower than PK and CK. The content of organic matter in Rhizosphere soil increased from the jointing stage to the mature stage in N, NP and NPK treatments, but decreased in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil. In the treatment of organic manure and chemical fertilizer, the rhizosphere pH value at jointing stage was lower than that at root stage, but at heading stage and mature stage, organic matter content increased from jointing stage to mature stage than that of chemical fertilizer treatment. (2) CK and PK treatment, soil available nitrogen in all periods are lower than other treatments. Long-term application of N and NP fertilizers (N, NP, NK and NPK) showed no significant difference in available nitrogen content between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil at jointing stage, but the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere was the highest at maturity The contents of available nitrogen in N and NK treatments were the highest, while those in non-rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil under applied potassium (NK and PK) treatments were not significantly changed, but were higher than those of NPK treatments. Long-term application of organic manure and NPK Nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the chemical fertilizer treatment, and MNPK and 1.5MNPK were the most obvious treatments. Except for SNPK, the content of available P in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that of chemical fertilization, and the content of phosphorus was the highest in 1.5MNPK.