改革开放35年来,城镇化率从1978年的18%攀升至2012年的52.57%,城镇常住人口达7.1亿,留在农村的常住人口为6.4亿,已经不足总人口的一半。然而,根据中央农村工作领导小组组长陈锡文、国家发改委城市和小城镇研究中心主任李铁等人的计算,户籍城镇化率仅为35%左右,这之间17个百分点的差额正是大量进城的农民工未能享受到与城市居民同等的待遇,而改革这些制度需要付出相应的社会成本。 In the 35 years since the reform and opening up, the urbanization rate has risen from 18% in 1978 to 52.57% in 2012. The urban resident population has reached 710 million. The permanent population remaining in rural areas has reached 640 million, less than half of the total population. However, according to Chen Xiwen, leader of the leading group for central rural work and Li Tie et al., Director of the National Development and Reform Commission City and Research Center for Small Cities and Towns, the urbanization rate of household registration is only 35% or so. The difference between 17% Urban migrant workers have not been able to enjoy the same treatment as urban residents, and reforming these systems requires corresponding social costs.