列夫·托尔斯泰(1828～1910),19世纪俄国最伟大的作家。出生于贵族家庭,1840年入喀山大学,受到卢梭、孟德斯鸠等启蒙思想家影响。1847年退学回故乡在自己领地上作改革农奴制的尝试。1851～1854年在高加索军队中服役并开始写作。1854～1855年参加克里米亚战争。几年军旅生活不仅使他看到上流社会的腐化,而且为以后在其巨著《战争与和平》中能够 Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910) was the greatest Russian writer of the 19th century. Born in aristocratic families, he entered Kazan University in 1840 and was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau and Montesquieu. In 1847, he dropped out of his hometown and tried to reform serfdom in his territory. From 1851 to 1854, he served in the Caucasus army and began writing. From 1854 to 1855, they participated in the Crimean War. A few years of military life not only made him see corruption in the upper classes, but also enabled him to be able to later in his great book War and Peace.