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目的探讨噪声对青年作业人群心血管系统的影响。方法对2008—2012年在南宁市疾病预防控制中心接受职业健康检查的2 003名噪声作业工人的血压和心电图检查结果进行分析。结果接受职业健康检查的青年工人中,高血压的患病率为4.89%,心电图异常发生率为9.39%。男性高血压患病率明显高于女性(χ2=9.830,P<0.01),工龄越长者高血压患病率越高(χ2=25.119,P<0.01)。心电图异常表现依次为窦性心动过缓、束支传导阻滞、心律不齐、过早搏动、窦性心动过速和ST-T改变。男性窦性心动过缓和束支传导阻滞的构成比高于女性(χ2=4.628,P<0.05;χ2=9.606,P<0.01),女性心律不齐、ST-T改变和过早搏动的构成比高于男性(χ2=3.888,P<0.05;χ2=8.735,P<0.01;χ2=4.244,P<0.05)。15～24岁组心律不齐的构成比高于25～34岁组(χ2=6.732,P<0.01),而窦性心动过缓的构成比为25～34岁组高于15～24岁组(χ2=3.893,P<0.05)。结论长期噪声暴露会对青年工人的心血管系统产生不良影响。
Objective To investigate the effect of noise on cardiovascular system in young people. Methods The blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) results of 2 003 noise workers who received occupational health examination in Nanning Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed. Results Among the young workers who received occupational health examination, the prevalence of hypertension was 4.89% and the incidence of abnormal electrocardiogram was 9.39%. The prevalence of hypertension in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2 = 9.830, P <0.01). The higher the seniority was, the higher the prevalence of hypertension was (χ2 = 25.119, P <0.01). Electrocardiogram abnormalities followed by sinus bradycardia, bundle branch block, arrhythmia, premature beat, sinus tachycardia and ST-T changes. The proportions of sinus bradycardia and bundle branch block in males were higher than those in females (χ2 = 4.628, P <0.05; χ2 = 9.606, P <0.01), arrhythmia in females, changes in ST-T and premature beats (Χ2 = 3.888, P <0.05; χ2 = 8.735, P <0.01; χ2 = 4.244, P <0.05). The constituent ratio of arrhythmia in 15-24 years old group was higher than that in 25-34 years old group (χ2 = 6.732, P <0.01), while the constituent ratio of sinus bradycardia was higher in 25-34 years old group than in 15-24 years old group (χ2 = 3.893, P <0.05). Conclusion Long-term noise exposure can adversely affect the cardiovascular system of young workers.