纵观世界工业发展历史,产能过剩是市场经济国家在工业化过程中必然面对的重要课题。综合利用科技和产业政策,引导产业转型升级美国、德国、英国、日本等发达国家通过政府补贴、税收优惠、金融政策、投资政策、贸易政策等多种措施,有效推动技术创新成果产业化,促进产业转型升级。20世纪80年代中期和90年代初期,美国在汽车、钢铁等传统制造业领域出现了两次较为严重的产能过剩,工业产能利用率曾下降到 Looking at the history of the industrial development in the world, overcapacity is an important issue inevitably faced by market economy countries in the process of industrialization. Comprehensive Utilization of Science and Industry Policies to Guide Industrial Transformation and Upgrading The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan and other developed countries effectively promote the industrialization of technological innovation through industrial subsidies, tax incentives, financial policies, investment policies, trade policies and other measures Industrial restructuring and upgrading. In the mid-1980s and early 1990s, the United States experienced two more serious overcapacities in the traditional manufacturing industries such as automobile and steel, and the industrial capacity utilization rate dropped to