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TTHMP (triethylenetetraaminehexamethylenephosphonic acid) was labeled with 153Sm. The labeling condition, stability, mole ratio of 153Sm to TTHMP, rabbit bone imaging and bio-distribution of 153Sm-TTHMP in mice were investigated. The results showed that weak basic media and high concentration ligands were favorable to form 153Sm-TTHMP; labeling compounds were stable at pH 7 in 7 days. The results also indicated that the chemical mole ratio of 153Sm-TTHMP is n(153Sm)﹕n(TTHMP) = 1﹕1 and skeleton uptake of 153Sm-TTHMP is high((13.96(3.51)%/g at 1h post injection and (13.54(2.98)%/g at 48h post injection), while the non-target tissue uptake is relatively low, so 153Sm-TTHMP is a promising bone tumor therapeutic agent.