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目的对近侧列腕骨间关节及部分腕部韧带的解剖组织学特性进行详细观察。方法对成人腕关节标本的近侧列腕骨间关节及部分韧带进行解剖学观察、测量,并进行组织学观察。结果舟月及月三角骨间韧带各亚区中,近侧亚区最薄弱,掌、背侧亚区较粗壮。小多角骨-第2掌骨间背侧韧带长(3.13±0.28)mm,宽(9.12±0.35)mm,厚(3.28±0.25)mm,头状骨-第3掌骨间背侧韧带长(3.45±0.15)mm,宽(11.87±0.44)mm,厚(3.03±0.29)mm。舟月骨间韧带(SLIL)掌、背侧亚区韧带纤维间含较多血管神经束,近侧亚区则为乏血管区;SLIL与月三角骨间韧带(LTIL)有较高的穿孔率。结论小多角骨-第2掌骨间背侧韧带及头状骨-第3掌骨间背侧韧带均可作为舟月骨间韧带背侧亚区重建的供区材料;SLIL及LTIL按组织结构及形态可分为掌、背、近侧3个亚区;SLIL及LTIL较高的穿孔率表明腕关节造影术不能准确判断关节内韧带是否损伤。
Objective To investigate the anatomic and histological characteristics of proximal carpal ligament and part of wrist ligaments. Methods Anatomical observation, measurement and histological observation of the interphalangeal carpal joints and some ligaments of adult wrist specimens were performed. Results The subcarinal ligaments in the lunar and the lunar triangle were the weakest in the middle and proximal sub-regions, and the stout and dorsal sub-regions were thicker. (3.13 ± 0.28) mm, width (9.12 ± 0.35) mm, thickness (3.28 ± 0.25) mm, dorsal ligament length between head and third metacarpal (3.45 ± 0.15) mm, width (11.87 ± 0.44) mm and thickness (3.03 ± 0.29) mm. There were many vascular nerve bundles between the spines of the scapholunate interosseous (SLIL) and dorsal subregion ligaments while the proximal subregion was the lack of vascular area. The perforation rate of SLIL and LTIL was higher . Conclusions Both small polygonal bone - the second metacarpal dorsal metacarpal and the third metacarpal - medullary dorsal ligaments can be used as donor materials for reconstruction of the dorsal and subtrochanteric ligaments of the scapholunate interosseous ligament. The structures and morphologies of SLIL and LTIL Can be divided into palm, dorsal, proximal 3 subregions; SLIL and LTIL high perforation rate of wrist arteries can not accurately determine the joint ligament injury.