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油菜菌核病是我省低热地区油菜作物上的主要病害之一。它严重地影响着油菜生产的进一步发展,近来由于耕作制度的改进,在高水肥高密度的栽培条件下,菌核病发生普遍,对油菜的产量和品质的威胁尤其严重。以低芥酸油菜新品种81008为例,在低热地区一般发病率已在50～90%以上,病情指数在30～70之间,严重地影响了这个地区的油菜生产。而且,这一现象已蔓延到了我省的中部地区,如81008在遵义、绥阳、湄潭等县的发病率已在50%以上,并有波及高寒山区的可能。所以重点搞清油菜菌核病在低热地区气候条件下的发病规律,筛选出部分能控制菌核病发生的有效药剂,对提高我省油菜的产质、增收创汇等都具有极其重要的意义。自1983年来我们在这方面作了初步的研究工作,现将结果报告如下:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the main diseases on rapeseed crops in low-heat areas of our province. It has seriously affected the further development of rapeseed production. Recently, due to the improvement of farming system, sclerotinia is common in high-water and high-density cultivation conditions, especially threatening the yield and quality of rapeseed. Taking the low erucic acid rapeseed variety 81008 as an example, the general incidence in low-heat area is more than 50-90% and the disease index is between 30-70, which seriously affects rapeseed production in this area. Moreover, this phenomenon has spread to the central region of our province, such as 81008 in Zunyi, Suiyang, Meitan and other counties in the incidence rate has been more than 50%, and may affect the alpine mountains. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the pathogenesis of sclerotinia sclerotiorum in climatic conditions in low-temperature areas and to screen out some of the effective agents that can control the occurrence of sclerotinia. This is of great significance to improving the quality of our province’s rapeseed production and increasing foreign exchange earnings. We have conducted preliminary research in this field since 1983, and the results are reported as follows: