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酚醛树脂是一种广泛使用的合成树脂,包括热固性和热塑性两类,具有良好的阻燃性、耐热性和耐腐蚀性。酚醛纤维是由酚醛树脂所制成的交联纤维,传统的酚醛纤维制备方法有熔融纺丝法和湿法纺丝法,后来出现了静电纺丝法。本文根据酚醛树脂的种类分别介绍了热固性、热塑性和热塑/热固混合酚醛树脂三类材料静电纺丝的研究进展。在改善酚醛纤维特性方面,综述了四种优化措施,包括加入无机盐、微波辐射辅助固化、非匀速阶梯式加热固化、氧化石墨烯修饰的静电纺丝法等。此外,对本实验室制备酚醛纤维的研究也进行了概述,阐述了酚醛纤维当前存在的问题及未来发展方向。
Phenolic resins are a widely used synthetic resin, both thermoset and thermoplastic, with good flame retardancy, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Phenolic fibers are crosslinked fibers made from phenolic resins. The traditional methods for making phenolic fibers include melt spinning and wet spinning, and electrospinning followed by electrospinning. In this paper, according to the type of phenolic resin thermosetting, thermoplastic and thermoplastic / thermosetting three kinds of phenolic resin electrospinning research progress. In the aspect of improving the properties of phenolic fibers, four kinds of optimization methods are summarized, including adding inorganic salts, microwave radiation assisted curing, non-uniform stepwise thermal curing, and graphene oxide modified electrospinning. In addition, the research on the preparation of phenolic fibers in our laboratory is also outlined. The existing problems and the future development of phenolic fibers are described.