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采用TP-M13-SSR荧光标记方法,构建19个适宜加工脆片和25个适宜制汁的苹果品种在11个SSR位点的指纹图谱,并通过聚类分析研究其遗传关系。仅利用两对引物CH04h02和CH05d04即可区分44个供试品种,各品种的TP-M13-SSR指纹图谱互不相同。构建的适宜加工苹果品种的SSR指纹图谱可以作为品种特异指纹图谱为品种鉴别提供重要依据。44个苹果品种的相似系数在0.7259～0.9704之间,在相似系数0.798处划分供试品种,除瑞光、马空、红月、蜜脆、珍宝、赤阳和短枝金冠,其余适宜制汁的品种均聚到了一起,而适宜加工脆片的品种聚类比较分散。适宜加工苹果品种遗传基础广泛,适宜加工特性与亲本相关。在制订和完善制汁用和加工脆片用苹果品质评价体系时,需要兼顾遗传关系与加工特性的相关性。金冠、红玉、国光、富士和元帅等为较好的加工苹果品种的育种亲本,应加强育种利用。
The fingerprinting of 19 SSR loci in 19 suitable chips and 25 apple-adapted apple cultivars was constructed by TP-M13-SSR fluorescent labeling. The genetic relationship was studied by cluster analysis. Totally 44 test cultivars were identified using only two pairs of primers CH04h02 and CH05d04, and the TP-M13-SSR fingerprinting of each variety was different from each other. The constructed SSR fingerprinting of apple varieties suitable for processing can provide an important basis for the identification of varieties as the fingerprint of variety-specific fingerprinting. The similarity coefficients of 44 apple cultivars ranged from 0.7259 to 0.9704. The cultivars were divided at the similarity coefficient of 0.798 with the exception of Ruiguang, Malacca, Hongyue, honeydew, treasures, red sun and short branches. Varieties are clustered together, and suitable varieties of processing chips more scattered. Appropriate for processing a wide range of genetic basis of apple varieties, suitable processing characteristics associated with the parent. When formulating and perfecting appraisal system of apple quality for juice processing and processing chips, it is necessary to balance the relationship between genetic relationship and processing characteristics. Golden Delicious, red jade, Guoguang, Fuji and Marshal for the better processing of apple varieties breeding parents should strengthen the use of breeding.