借贷计利,并非社会的永恒存在,它有其产生、发展、演变的过程,在原始农村公社时期,“贷”是一种无偿的给予、支援。西周以后,随着农村公社井田制的破坏,私有制的发展,“贷”具有了“借”的内涵,此种借贷,需要归还。春秋时借贷需还已属常事,但少有计息者。春秋中后期,生息借贷逐渐增多,进到战国时期,借贷生息计利已成社会常态,还出现高利贷,加剧了社会的贫富分化。进到秦汉时期,借贷成为一种债务概念,被写进国家律令而合法化。可见生息借贷并非社会永恒现象,它既有其产生、发展和演变的过程,也会随着私有制向公有制的过渡,逐步走向衰朽,以致最终消亡。 Borrowing and borrowing is not an eternal existence of society. It has its process of emergence, development and evolution. During the primitive rural communes, “loan” was a kind of grant and support without compensation. After the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the destruction of the metropolitan commune system and the development of private ownership, the “loan” has the meaning of “borrowing”, and such borrowing needs to be repaid. In the spring and autumn loans have also been common, but few interest-bearing people. In the mid-to-late period of the Spring and Autumn Period, the interest-bearing loans gradually increased. During the Warring States period, borrowing and interest-bearing have become the norm of society and usury, which aggravated the social polarization between rich and poor. Into the Qin and Han Dynasties, borrowing became a concept of debt, was written into the national law and legalization. It can be seen that borrowing for life is not an eternal phenomenon of society. It not only has its process of emergence, development and evolution, but also gradually declines with the transition from private ownership to public ownership and eventually dies out.