据估计肺栓塞每年病例数超过50万,但大多数无临床症状,每年死于肺栓塞的5～10万死者中,至少有1/3在栓塞1小时内死亡,肺栓塞往往是住院病人的临终结局。由于此病的临床症状与其他内科急症相似,或由于病人原有肺、心血管病再并发栓塞,有时造成诊断困难或延误诊断。大多数小、中动脉的栓塞无需专门护理。但如果40～50%的肺血管被栓塞并伴有休克,则呼吸障碍显著,必须特别监护。危重病人肺栓塞的预防在住院病人,特别是在监护中心的病人,肺栓塞的发病率和死亡率很高。预防措施应针对深部静脉的血栓形成。预防常用肝素或香豆定作完全的抗凝治疗、小量肝素、血小板抑制剂、右旋醣酐或各种提高下肢血流的方法,也有人利用~(125)碘纤维蛋白原扫描对各种预防措 It is estimated that the number of cases of pulmonary embolism is more than 500,000 per year, but most are clinically asymptomatic. Of the 50,000 to 100,000 deaths each year from pulmonary embolism, at least one-third die within one hour of embolization, which is often hospitalized End of the finale. Because of the clinical symptoms of the disease similar to other medical emergencies, or because of the patient’s original pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of embolism, sometimes resulting in diagnosis or delay diagnosis. Most small, medium-artery emboli do not require specialized care. However, if 40 to 50% of the pulmonary vessels are embolized and accompanied by shock, respiratory disorders are significant and require special supervision. Prevention of pulmonary embolism in critically ill patients The incidence and mortality of pulmonary embolism is high in hospitalized patients, especially in care centers. Precautions should be directed to deep venous thrombosis. Prevention of commonly used heparin or coumarin given for complete anticoagulant therapy, a small amount of heparin, platelet inhibitors, dextran or a variety of ways to improve blood flow in the lower limbs, but also the use of ~ (125) iodine fibrinogen scan each Preventive measures