《新青年》早期所标榜的文化革命,随启蒙主义逻辑的展开必然到达伦理领域,陈独秀关于“伦理自觉”乃为“吾人最后之自觉”的一系列论述对此作出了有力的表述。本文力图表明,新文化运动的伦理概念因在现实中缺乏国家的依托,在政治上缺乏中国国家认同的维度,因此导致内涵上的偏颇,在将文化革命逻辑引入伦理领域的过程中,未能够发掘和阐述事实存在着的伦理世界同新文化所追求的现代国家之间的积极关系。不仅如此,本文进一步指出,由于简单地将伦理世界定义为启蒙的对立面和被改造者,新文化运动也为日后长期困扰中国思想生活的一系列二元对立准备了一个原型:越是追求启蒙的自觉,就越是同这种自觉的客观指向——现代主权国家及其文化政治统一体——相对立。这种文化革命与革命国家之间的人为概念上的冲突,虽然为中国革命的历史进程在现实中予以克服,但并未在思想和意识形态领域失去其幻影般的影响。 The series of expositions on “Ethical Consciousness ” as “My Last Self Consciousness ” made a strong impetus to the cultural revolution that was advertised in the early days of “New Youth” with the enlightenment logic inevitably reaching the ethical field. Expression. This article tries hard to show that the concept of ethics of the New Culture Movement is lack of the backing of the state in reality and lacks of the dimension of Chinese national identity in politics and thus leads to the biased connotation. In the process of introducing the logic of cultural revolution into the ethics field, Explore and expound the positive relationship between the de facto ethical world and the modern countries pursued by the new culture. Furthermore, the paper further points out that since simply defining the ethical world as the opposite and the reformed of enlightenment, the New Culture Movement also prepares a prototype for a series of dualistic antagonisms that have plagued the ideological life in China in the long run: the more it pursues enlightenment Consciously, the more it stands opposed to this conscious objective objective - the modern sovereign state and its cultural and political unity. The artificial conceptual conflict between this cultural revolution and the revolutionary one, although overcome by the reality of the historical process of the Chinese revolution, has not lost its illusory influence in the field of ideology and ideology.