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目的了解广州地区重点职业人群布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)的流行特证,分析患病危险因素,实施健康干预,为制定科学防治策略提供依据。方法对广州地区重点职业人群如牲畜交易、屠宰、养殖和畜肉加工的从业人员等开展流行病学调查、血清学检测(采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验)、“知信行”问卷调查;通过病例对照研究、χ2检验等统计分析找出感染危险因素并实施干预措施,了解干预效果。结果共调查重点职业人员627人,其中布病感染者77人,感染率为12.28%。职业人群的性别、工种、工作年限、接触牲畜种类等因素对感染布病的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。接触羊只(包括屠宰/运输/销售羊只、接触牲畜流产物/胎盘)是感染布病的主要危险因素;接触羊只与接触非羊动物的职业人群其布病感染率差异有统计学意义[P<0.001,OR=32.18(95%可信限为7.82~132.36)];工作时不使用手套和口罩(OR=2.386)、工作后不用消毒液洗手(OR=3.206)也是感染布病的危险因素。结论广州地区重点职业人群感染布病的危险因素主要是销售/屠宰/运输羊只、接触牲畜流产物/胎盘、工作时不使用手套和口罩、工作后不用消毒液洗手等。规范牲畜的免疫和检疫,加强监测和市场管理,开展从业人员健康教育,工作时做好个人防护是预防控制布病的有效措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis (referred to as brucellosis) in key occupational groups in Guangzhou, analyze the risk factors and implement health interventions, so as to provide the basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods The epidemiological investigation, serological test (using tiger red plate agglutination test and tube agglutination test), “Zhixinhang” questionnaire were conducted on key occupational groups in Guangzhou, such as livestock trading, slaughtering, breeding and meat processing workers. Investigation; through case-control studies, χ2 test and other statistical analysis to identify risk factors for infection and the implementation of interventions to understand the effect of intervention. Results A total of 627 key professionals were investigated, of whom 77 were brucellosis and the infection rate was 12.28%. Occupational groups of sex, types of work, working years, contact with livestock species and other factors on the impact of brucellosis was statistically significant (P <0.001). Exposure to sheep (including slaughter / transport / sale of sheep, contact with livestock products / placenta) was the major risk factor for brucellosis; there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of brucellosis among occupational groups exposed to non-goat animals (OR = 3.206) were also infected with brucellosis after working (P <0.001, OR = 32.18; 95% confidence interval was 7.82 to 132.36) Risk factors. Conclusion The risk factors for brucellosis among key occupational groups in Guangzhou are mainly sales / slaughter / transportation of sheep, contact with livestock products / placenta, use of gloves and masks during work, and washing of hands without disinfectant after work. It is an effective measure to prevent and control brucellosis by standardizing the immunization and quarantine of livestock, strengthening monitoring and market management, carrying out health education for employees, and personal protection during work.