土壤机械分析中的土样处理,通常是使用化学作用与机械作用底综合的方法。化学处理在于从土壤里除去吸着的盐基(钙与镁),而替代以钠(或铵)。先用0.05N 的 HCl 溶液洗尽土壤中所含有的钙,接着用水洗尽氯离子,然后加入苛性钠溶液或铵溶液。但是,这种方法还不能充分达到破坏土壤的聚结体,因此,为了更充分地分散土壤,除上法以外,还应进行机械处理,即加水煮沸。从以往许多工作里指出:在土壤呈稠糊状(土壤达到一定的湿润)的情况下,机械处理可发生高度的分散。全苏肥料农业技术与农业土壤科学研究所,В.Ф.斯科瓦尔诺1941年的工作 Soil sample processing in soil mechanical analysis is usually a combination of chemical and mechanical action. The chemical treatment consists in removing sorbed base (calcium and magnesium) from the soil instead of sodium (or ammonium). The soil containing calcium is washed first with 0.05N HCl solution, then the chloride ions are washed with water and then added to the solution of caustic soda or ammonium. However, this method has not been able to fully reach the soil-damaging aggregates. Therefore, in order to disperse the soil more fully, in addition to the above method, it should be mechanically treated by adding water and boiling it. It has been pointed out from many previous works that in the case of a thick paste of soil (the soil has reached a certain degree of wetting), the mechanical treatment can be highly dispersed. All-Su-Fertilizer Institute of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Sciences, В.Ф. 斯科瓦尔诺 1941 年 的 工作