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宫颈的病变种类较多,如炎症、癌前期病变和肿瘤等。要了解病变的发展过程,必须先知道正常的宫颈组织。宫颈由三种成分组成:上皮、腺体及间质。上皮分两种:一种是复层鳞状上皮,覆盖于宫颈阴道部;另一种是宫颈管内膜,为单层高柱状上皮,两者交界处的上皮因受激素及炎症的影响,相互变动较大,此处称移行带或转化带,是宫颈癌的好发部位,因此具有重要临床意义。宫颈复层鳞状上皮由多层细胞组成,最深层为基底层,基底层与间质交界处有基底膜,中间层细胞是不规则的多角形,最表面为数层扁平细胞(图1)。宫颈隙体呈葡萄状,腺上皮为高柱状上皮,单层排列,细胞内含粘液。宫颈的间质为纤维组织,其中有少量弹力纤维和平滑肌。
Cervical lesions are more types, such as inflammation, precancerous lesions and tumors. To understand the development of the lesion, you must first know the normal cervical tissue. The cervix consists of three components: the epithelium, glands and stroma. Epithelium is divided into two types: one is stratified squamous epithelium, covering the cervix and vagina; the other is the endocervix, a single high columnar epithelium, the junction of the epithelium by hormones and inflammation, Large changes between each other, here said the transfer zone or transformation zone is a good site for cervical cancer, it has important clinical significance. Cervical stratified squamous epithelium by the multi-layer cells, the deepest basal layer, basal layer and the mesenchyme junction basement membrane, the middle layer of cells are irregular polygons, the most surface of several flat cells (Figure 1). Cervical gap was grape-like, glandular epithelium high columnar epithelium, arranged in a single layer, the cells containing mucus. Cervical interstitial fibrous tissue, including a small amount of elastic fibers and smooth muscle.