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施事是动作动词组成的动核结构里动核所联系的主体(主事动元),它一般和表动作的动词联系在一起,非动作动词在一定条件下也可以联系施事;充当施事的主要是名词,但不同的名词充当施事的能力不一样,名词充当施事能力的强弱等级是:人类名词>动物名词>植物名词>无生名词(包括事物名词、事件名词、抽象名词等);非名词性词语在一定条件下也能充当施事。典型施事的语义特征主要是:能动性,主体性,可欲性,有生性和影响性。辨认施事可以借助于形式:在动作动词组成的最小的主谓短语中动词前作主语的那个词语可判定为施事,“被”字句、“把”字句、“来/去+V”句、“使令”句等也可以帮助辨认施事。
The act is the main body (the main moving element) of the moving nucleus in the moving nucleus structure composed of the action verb, which is generally associated with the verb of the table movement. The non-moving verb can also be contacted under certain conditions; Are mainly nouns, but different nouns have different abilities to act as affirmations. The strength and weakness of nouns acting as afflictions are as follows: human nouns> animal nouns> plant nouns> non-nouns (including nouns, event nouns, abstract nouns Etc.); non-nominal terms under certain conditions can also act as an affair. The semantic features of typical activities are mainly: motivation, subjectivity, desirability, sexuality and impact. Identify the things can be by means of the form: the verb presumed phrase in the smallest verb composed of the action verb can be judged as the subject, the “ + V ”sentence,“ make order ”sentence, etc. can also help identify the event.