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本文通过对清朝统一新疆之前新疆农业经营的考察,发现清初为支持新疆军事行动的需要,开始在哈密、巴里坤、吐鲁番、乌鲁木齐等地屯田,并取得了一定成效。在此期间的屯垦活动以兵屯为主,属于国家经营行为。清初新疆的屯垦活动,在耕作制度、水利建设、盐碱地治理等方面为统一后新疆的农业开发积累了经验。由于清初屯垦以保障军需为首要目的,故而在开发过程上具有“叛则往,胜则返”的断续性特征。但是,清初断续性的农业经营往往导致屯垦成果得不到巩固,也逐步使统治者认识到只有持续全面的开发才能保障新疆的稳定和发展,因此,统一前夕即开始全面筹划统一后北疆地区的屯垦事宜。
Through the investigation of agricultural management in Xinjiang before the reunification of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty, this paper finds that in the early Qing dynasty, it needed to support Xinjiang’s military operations and began to farm in Hami, Barkol, Turpan and Urumqi, and achieved some success. During this period, the reclamation activities mainly took Tuen Mun as a part of the state operation. The settlement activities in Xinjiang in the early Qing Dynasty accumulated experience in agricultural development in Xinjiang after the reunification in aspects of farming system, water conservancy construction and saline-alkali land management. Since the early Qing dynasties to protect the military needs for the primary purpose, therefore, in the development process has “betrayal, victory is back” intermittent features. However, the intermittent agricultural operation in the early Qing dynasty often resulted in the failure to consolidate the achievements of settlement. At the same time, the rulers gradually realized that only the sustained and comprehensive development can guarantee the stability and development of Xinjiang. Therefore, on the eve of reunification, Territory settlement matters.