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功率因数是指电力网中线路的视在功率供给有功功率的消耗所占百分数(即有功功率与视在功率的比值)。在电力网的运行中,我们所希望的是功率因数越大越好,如能做到这一点,则电路中的视在功率将大部分用来供给有功功率,以减少无功功率的消耗。用户功率因数的高低,对于电力系统发、供、用电设备的充分利用,有着显著的影响。适当提高用户的功率因数,不但可以充分地发挥发、供电设备的生产能力、减少线路损失、改善电压质量,而且可以提高用户用电设备的工作效率和为用户本身节约电能。因此,对于油田这样的大型用电企业来说,若能有效地搞好无功补偿,提高功率因数,就能够有效地降低电能损失,减少电费支出。其社会效益及经济效益都会是非常显著的。本文主要介绍影响电网功率因数的主要因素以及无功补偿的几种实用方法。
The power factor refers to the percentage of the active power consumed by the apparent power of the line in the power network (that is, the ratio of active power to apparent power). In the operation of the power grid, what we hope for is the bigger the power factor, the better. If this can be done, the apparent power in the circuit will be mostly used to supply the active power to reduce the reactive power consumption. User power factor level, for the power system, for, make full use of electrical equipment, has a significant impact. Appropriate to improve the user’s power factor, not only can give full play to the hair, the production capacity of power supply equipment to reduce line losses and improve voltage quality, but also can improve the user’s work efficiency of electrical equipment and save power for the user itself. Therefore, for such large oil-consuming enterprises, if the reactive power compensation can be effectively improved and the power factor is increased, the power loss can be effectively reduced and the electricity expenses can be reduced. Its social and economic benefits will be very significant. This article mainly introduces the main factors that affect the grid power factor and several practical methods of reactive power compensation.