锂离子固体电解质研究中的电化学测试方法

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锂离子固体电解质是发展高安全性固态锂电池的关键材料,其性能与全电池的性能表现密切相关.离子电导率、电子电导率、化学窗口和对锂界面稳定性是锂离子固体电解质的基础电化学性能.对这些基础性能的准确测试有助于分析锂离子固体电解质材料的特性与功能,指导固态电池的构建.本文详细介绍交流阻抗谱法测试锂离子固体电解质的离子电导率的原理,并结合实例分析了仪器设备、阻塞电极、电极引线和测试偏压对测量结果的影响.针对氧化物、硫化物和聚合物三类锂离子固体电解质体系,本文介绍对称电池的制作方法并结合实测得到的典型阻抗谱曲线分析不同种类电解质材料的差异.此外,本文详细阐述了基于离子阻塞电极的直流极化方法测量电解质的电子电导率、基于改进的Hebb-Wagner电池构型的循环伏安法测量电解质的电化学窗口和基于金属锂对称电池的电化学循环方法测量电解质与锂的界面稳定性,并结合具体案例阐述数据的分析.
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全固态锂硫电池可抑制锂枝晶生长,且可避免多硫化物穿梭等问题,被认为是极具前景的下一代储能体系.固态正极中活性物质硫的绝缘性,使得电化学氧化还原需要离子传输和电子传递