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本文用刘家峡水库近十年入库流量、洪峰、洪量及黄河上游主要产流区十三个气象站雨量资料,对发生的旱洪特征、演变规律及其成因进行了分析研究。结果表明黄河上游的夏季特大洪水是发生在30(50)毫巴和500毫巴A_W型环流下秋季特大洪水发生在A_W型环流下。如果A_W型承替转换为秋季C_W型,即可发生夏秋两季的特大洪水。一般洪水和丰水年多发生在A_c型环流下,如秋季C_W型承替转换的是A_E型,那么即可造成夏旱秋洪的天气。与其相反,春季出现A_E型环流、秋季又承替转换为C_E型环流,黄河上游即可造成夏秋两季连旱,黄河出现枯水现象。
In this paper, the rainfall characteristics, evolvement rules and causes of flood and flood occurred in the past ten years of reservoir inflow, flood peak and flood amount in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and data from thirteen meteorological stations in the main circulation area of the upper reaches of the Yellow River were analyzed. The results show that the summer monsoon flood in the upper Yellow River occurred in the A_W circulation under the type A_W of 30 (50) mbar and 500 mbara. If A_W type conversion to autumn C_W type, can occur in summer and autumn, the extraordinary flood. The general flood and abundant water years occur in the A_c-type circulation, such as fall C_W-type conversion is A_E-type conversion, then you can cause the weather drought autumn flood. In contrast, A_E-type circulation occurs in spring, and C_E-type circulation changes in autumn, and the upper reaches of the Yellow River can cause even drought in summer and autumn, resulting in the phenomenon of low water in the Yellow River.