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工业革命后,西方国家依靠从贫穷国家获得大量资源而繁荣起来。西方国家的人口只占世界的20%,但却消耗全球一半以上的能源和原料。尽管现在工业生产已迅速全球化,但全球资源消耗的格局并未改变。发展中国家不可能照搬西方那一套来发展经济,也不应把工业化看作是发展经济的惟一途径。人们应重新界定发展的概念。众所周知,人们应用某种技术只是为达到某种目的采取的某种手段。人们应用某种技术,既可产生积极作用,也可造成负面影响。发展中国家要获得可持续发展应采用良性技术。所谓良性技术是指它在被应用过程中其利大于弊。与之相对应,恶性技术是指它在应用过程中其弊大于利。注射疫苗消灭天花和对土豆进行基因改造使之提高营养价值属于良性技术。汽油发动机的经济效益超过了其他任何发明,但它所造成的大气污染和对臭氧层的破坏已发展到威胁人类生存的程度,就连汽车制造厂商也都在寻找其替代产品。一个国家可持续发展的未来只能建立在应用良性技术基础之上。现在人们已开发出一系列可利用的良性技术。它们成本低廉、操作简便、可就地使用;能为发展中国家提供一条途径。
After the Industrial Revolution, Western countries thrived by relying heavily on resources from poor countries. Western countries, which make up only 20% of the world’s population, consume more than half of the world’s energy and raw materials. Despite the rapid globalization of industrial production, the pattern of global resource consumption has not changed. It is impossible for developing countries to copy the West’s package to develop their economy and industrialization should not be regarded as the only way to develop the economy. People should redefine the concept of development. It is a well-known fact that the application of a technology to people is only a means of achieving a certain purpose. People use some kind of technology, can have a positive effect, can also have a negative impact. Developing countries should adopt benign technologies in order to achieve sustainable development. The so-called benign technology means that its benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Correspondingly, the vicious technology refers to it in the application process more harm than good. Vaccination to eliminate smallpox and potato genetically modified to enhance the nutritional value of a virtuous technology. The economic benefits of petrol engines outweigh any other inventions, but the air pollution and damage they cause to the ozone layer have grown to the point of threatening human survival, and even car manufacturers are looking for alternatives. The future of a country’s sustainable development can only be based on the application of virtuous technologies. Now people have developed a series of benign techniques available. They are inexpensive, easy to use and can be used locally; they provide a way for developing countries.