一.符号与象征雅克·马里坦(Jacques Maritain)指出,符号与整个知识领域及人类生活息息相关,它好比物理界的运动,是人类世界的一种普遍工具。~2有关符号及其象征的研究包括两个层面,其一是中世纪的思想家们在逻辑和神学层面所做之研究,其二是由阿比·瓦尔堡(Aby Warburg)及其学生从象征,符号在原始文化、巫术、艺术及科学中所扮演的角色这个层面所做之研究。古希腊人对自然符号和习俗符号作了区分。他们认为符号是由与其所指的事物间的典型关系构成。自然符号中的这种关 I. Symbols and Symbols Jacques Maritain pointed out that symbols are closely related to the entire field of knowledge and human life. It is like the movement of the physical world and is a universal tool for the human world. The study of symbols and their symbols consists of two aspects, one is the study made by the medieval thinkers on the logical and theological levels, the other is by Aby Warburg and his students from the symbolism, The study of symbols at the level of primitive culture, witchcraft, art and science. Ancient Greeks made a distinction between symbols of nature and customs. They think symbols are made up of the typical relations with what they mean. This symbol of nature in the off