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经典计量经济学在进行建模和分析应用是,其更多的是采用纯粹的横截面数据和时间序列数据,例如,我们在对于一个国家和地区进行经济分析时,通常情况下会采用以该国家或地区为研究对象的不同统计指标的在一个时间段内的数据。当然,在对微观层面进行研究,我们亦会采用此类的方法,在对于某企业的生产能力分析中,我们会收集到该企业的相关多个年度、季度亦或是月度指标,即这就是我们通常定义的时间序列数据;而横截面数据是指同一时间段(点)下的不同观察对象的观测值的一个集合。随着经济社会的快速发展,经济社会问题与现状愈加变得错综复杂,单纯的时间序列数据和截面数据已无法满足我们进行分析解释经济社会问题的要求。面板数据的优势则很明显,面板数据集截面数据和时间序列数据的特点,可以构造三维信息,相比以往进行更加深入的分析。本文将阐明和回顾panel data的发展历程与研究基础,从而更加详细科学的分析面板数据对于经济学研究的作用以及在经济学研究中的应用。
Classical econometric modeling and analytical applications, it is more purely using cross-sectional data and time series data, for example, when we conduct an economic analysis of a country, it will usually be used to Countries or regions for the study of different statistical indicators of the data over a period of time. Of course, at the micro level, we also use such methods. In the analysis of a company’s production capacity, we collect relevant annual, quarterly or monthly indices of the enterprise, that is, We usually define the time series data; while the cross-sectional data refers to a collection of observations of different observers in the same time period (point). With the rapid economic and social development, economic and social problems and the status quo become more and more complicated. Simple time-series data and cross-sectional data can no longer meet the requirements of our analysis and interpretation of economic and social issues. The advantages of panel data are obvious. The panel dataset cross-section data and time-series data can be used to construct 3D information and analyze more deeply than before. This article will clarify and review the development history and research foundation of panel data so as to analyze the role of panel data in economics in more detail and in economics research.