日语中的称呼语词汇量丰富,用法复杂,尤其是表示第二人称的称呼语由于表达形式多样,使用率高,往往成为非日语为母语的学习者的难点。为了方便日语学习者对该类称呼语的掌握和应用,日本的语言学家们进行了长期的努力和研究,尤其是小泉保更是引入了“身份语”的概念。为了更好地理解和掌握身份语,进而更好地进行运用,本文对日语身份语的分类及使用规则进行了探析。 Because of the variety of expressions and the high usage rate, the second person appellation often has the difficulty of becoming a non-Japanese-speaking learner. In order to facilitate Japanese learners to master and use this type of address, Japanese linguists have made long-term efforts and research. In particular, Koizumi Paul introduced the concept of “identity ”. In order to better understand and master the idioms, and then to better use, this article analyzes the classification of Japanese idioms and the use of rules.