近10年来,已有大量事实证明结核病在发达和发展中国家中已经复活。目前普遍认为,结核杆菌是吸入性肺部感染的一种细胞内病原菌,在单核细胞和巨噬细胞内繁殖并通过血流而传播于全身。虽然人们设想,在疾病初期,结核杆菌主要存活于宿主肺泡的巨噬细胞中,并能和血液中单核细胞在上皮细胞和内皮细胞之间自由移走。但是肺泡巨噬细胞中的结核杆菌能由肺泡空间通过上皮 In the past 10 years, a large number of facts have proved that tuberculosis has been revived in developed and developing countries. It is now generally accepted that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen of aspiration pulmonary infection that multiplies in monocytes and macrophages and spreads through the bloodstream throughout the body. Although it is assumed that during the initial stages of the disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis mainly lives in the macrophages of the host alveoli and is free to remove monocytes from the blood between epithelial cells and endothelial cells. However, M. tuberculosis in alveolar macrophages can pass through the alveolar space through the epithelium