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联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)成立六十六年来,在其制定的各项战略计划中,一直将幼儿的生存和发展确定为儿童的首项权利。然而占到世界人口五分之一的青少年儿童,88%生活在发展中国家,他们中大部分的生存状况仍令人忧虑。根据该组织发布的《儿童状况报告》(2009年),中国五岁以下儿童死亡率为19‰,相对于二十年前的47‰(1990年)有显著降低。正如国际慈善组织救助儿童会中国项目“每一个婴幼儿生命关爱行动”总监贝尔女士所说,中国在降低五岁以下儿童死亡率方面取得了巨大的成绩,但中西部地区以及流动人口中的母婴健康状况与全国水平相比仍存在一些明显的差距。而这一状况也是造成儿童因疾病、贫穷被遗弃的主要原因。
Sixty-six years after the founding of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the survival and development of young children have been identified as the first child’s rights in the various strategic plans that they have laid down. Yet while 88 per cent of adolescent children, which make up one fifth of the world’s population, live in developing countries, most of them remain alarmingly viable. According to the “State of Children’s Situation Report” (2009) released by the organization, the death rate of children under five years of age in China is 19 ‰, which is significantly lower than 47 ‰ (1990) two decades ago. As Ms Bel, director of the charity Save the Children China project “Every Baby and Infant Life Care Action” has said, China has made great achievements in reducing the death rate of children under five years of age. However, in the central and western regions and the floating population Of the maternal and child health status compared with the national level there are still some obvious gaps. This situation is also the main reason that children are abandoned because of illness and poverty.