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土壤培肥、自然降水高效利用、作物秸秆循环利用、作物高产高效是土壤可持续利用和粮食生产能力持续提高的关键问题。豫南雨养农业区存在着降雨量较大但降水时空分布与作物需水时段相矛盾、土壤培肥能力不足等问题。为此,结合豫南雨养区的生产、生态实际和多年定位试验,提出了资源循环高效利用与作物持续高产假设,并集成创新了小麦简耕覆盖高产高效技术,其核心技术是机械化玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖还田和小麦免耕直播。自2006开始,在驻马店市和南阳市进行了多年示范应用,取得了良好的效应。该技术解决了利用合理的耕作措施解决培肥土壤、提高自然降水和农业废弃物利用率、作物高产与资源高效协同一致的问题,为土地可持续利用和生产能力持续提升提供了技术支撑。
Soil fertility, efficient use of natural precipitation, crop straw recycling, and crop high yield and high efficiency are key issues for sustainable soil use and food production capacity. There are some problems in the rainy farming areas of south Henan, such as heavy rainfall but conflicting temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, contradiction of crop water requirement period and lack of fertility of soil fertility. Therefore, combined with the production, ecological practice and years of location experiment in the rainy area of south Henan, the paper put forward the hypothesis of high efficiency of resource recycling and continuous high yield of crops, and integrated and innovated the high-yield and high-efficiency wheat with simple-tillage technology. The core technology is mechanized corn stover Crush coverage and return on wheat without tillage. Since 2006, Zhumadian City and Nanyang City have been carrying out demonstration and application for many years and achieved good results. The technology solves the problems of fertilizing the soil by using reasonable cultivation measures, improving the utilization rate of natural precipitation and agricultural waste, and coordinating the high yield of crops with the high efficiency of resources. It provides technical support for the sustainable utilization of land and the continuous improvement of production capacity.