目的了解住院麻疹婴儿的临床流行病学特征,提高对麻疹的认识,为制定麻疹的防治策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学的方法对2014年在南宁市第四人民医院某病区住院的小于12月龄的麻疹患儿病历档案进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点。结果在129例调查病例中,发病时间主要集中在5月和6月,占56.59%(73/129),发病月龄多见于6~9月,占62.02%(80/129),89.15%(115/129)的婴儿在确诊前都有在非传染病医院的就诊史,临床表现以发热、出疹、结膜充血、眼睛分泌物为主,伴有流涕、咳嗽、鼻塞等症状。结论对麻疹婴儿早诊断、早隔离、早治疗,以及加强儿科医师对麻疹的甄别能力,采取有效的防控措施以避免院内感染,是预防麻疹流行的关键。 Objective To understand the clinical epidemiological characteristics of measles infants in hospital and to raise awareness of measles so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to retrospectively analyze the records of children with measles less than 12 months who were hospitalized in the Fourth People ’s Hospital of Nanning City in 2014 to summarize their clinical features. Results In the 129 cases investigated, the onset time was mainly in May and June, accounting for 56.59% (73/129). The age of onset was more common in 6 ~ 9 months, accounting for 62.02% (80/129) and 89.15% 115/129) had a history of visiting non-communicable hospitals before their diagnosis. The clinical manifestations were fever, rash, conjunctival hyperemia, and eye discharge, accompanied by runny nose, cough, stuffy nose, and other symptoms. Conclusion It is the key to prevent measles epidemics that the early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment of measles infants and the ability of pediatricians to screen measles are effective measures to prevent and control nosocomial infections.