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近年来,垃圾的管理和利用已经成为俄罗斯实现环境保护和生态可持续发展中最紧迫的问题之一。究其原因,一方面是由于生产和生活垃圾的体量快速增长;另一方面是由于垃圾管理水平并未获得有效提升。本文分析了俄罗斯垃圾产生的现状,论述了垃圾利用中存在的主要问题,并就俄罗斯不同地区内情况进行了对比评估。研究表明:完善垃圾综合管理方法十分必要。本文最后提出了预防垃圾产生的措施,旨在促进垃圾的循环利用,最大限度地降低其对环境的影响。
In recent years, the management and utilization of rubbish has become one of the most pressing issues in Russia’s environmental protection and ecological sustainable development. The reason for this is partly due to the rapid growth of the volume of production and domestic waste; on the other hand, the level of waste management has not been effectively improved. This article analyzes the current situation of rubbish in Russia, discusses the main problems in rubbish utilization, and makes a comparative assessment of the situation in different regions of Russia. The research shows that it is necessary to perfect the integrated management of rubbish. At the end of this paper, measures to prevent the generation of rubbish are put forward to promote the recycling of rubbish and minimize the impact on the environment.