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智商是现代心理学发展中出现的新名词,指的是智力得分与实际年龄的商再乘以100所得的值。它是心理学家们在研究中为了比较的方便,或者为了找出心理障碍的所在而采用的依据之一。究竟有没有作用,或者说有多大作用,心理学家们仍在提出疑问。然而,在现实生活中,人们却在片面夸大它的作用,把它当作衡量一个人特别是儿童能力的尺度。这种片面性的理解显然是错误的。这是因为: 首先,智力量表缺乏概括性、代表性。现在流行的量表很多,许多心理学家和研究单位带着不同的研究目的和研究范围制定了不同的量表。量表的特征是专业性强,只能对心理的某一部分进行测查,因而不能作为统一的、整体的标准去衡量儿童。其次,量表的测试有很大的主观性。在测查时,主观因素很重要。如果这个测试是
IQ is a new term emerging in the development of modern psychology, referring to the quotient of the mental score and the actual age multiplied by 100. It is one of the bases that psychologists use in their research for comparison purposes, or to find the location of psychological disorders. Whether there is any role, or how much role, psychologists are still asking questions. However, in real life, people unilaterally overstate its role as a measure of a person’s ability, especially that of a child. This one-sided understanding is obviously wrong. This is because: First of all, the intelligence scale lacks generality and representativeness. There are many popular scales nowadays, and many psychologists and research institutes have different scales with different research purposes and scopes. The characteristics of the scale are highly specialized and can only be measured on a certain part of the mind, so it can not be measured as a uniform and overall standard. Second, the scale test has a lot of subjectivity. Subjective factors are important in the test. If this test is