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水稻黑条矮缩病是水稻主要病毒病害之一。目前由于缺乏规模、高效的黑条矮缩病抗性鉴定体系,制约了抗黑条矮缩病水稻资源的发掘,限制了抗黑条矮缩病的育种进程和基础研究。本研究通过分析水稻黑条矮缩病田间鉴定所需灰飞虱的有效接种密度、带毒率及播期等,提出水稻黑条矮缩病田间鉴定有效接种的灰飞虱密度在800万头hm–2左右较为合理,而带毒率应不低于5%。并进一步对现有黑条矮缩病人工接种鉴定的循回期、接种虫量、接种时间及虫龄等进行了优化。利用上述鉴定体系,2010年对来源于20个国家的共1240份水稻种质进行黑条矮缩病田间鉴定,初步获得发病率低于10%的品种34个;2011、2012连续两年对该34个品种进行多年多点重复抗性鉴定,发现来自东南亚地区的3个品种Kanyakumari 29、Madurai 25和Vietnam 160连续3年发病率均低于10%,表现较高的黑条矮缩病的抗性。进一步分期播种鉴定的结果表明,Kanyakumari29在3个播期、3个鉴定点的发病率均低于12%,而Madurai 25和Vietnam 160发病率均低于9%。此外,在人工接种条件下Kanyakumari 29、Madurai 25和Vietnam 160的发病率均低于9%。因此,多年多点田间鉴定和人工室内接种鉴定的结果均表明,Kanyakumari 29、Madurai 25和Vietnam 160稳定、高抗黑条矮缩病。综上所述,本研究建立的田间鉴定与室内鉴定相结合的黑条矮缩病鉴定体系准确、可靠,可用于黑条矮缩病的大规模鉴定,该体系的建立及高抗黑条矮缩病水稻资源的发掘为水稻抗黑条矮缩病基因的鉴定及育种利用提供了重要的方法和材料基础。
Rice black-streaked dwarf disease is one of the major virus diseases in rice. At present, due to the lack of scale and efficient identification system of black-streaked dwarf disease, it restricts the excavation of rice resources against black-streaked dwarf disease and limits the breeding process and basic research of anti-streak disease. In this study, through the analysis of the effective inoculation density, virulence rate and sowing date of Laodelphax striatellus in field identification of rice black-streaked dwarf disease, we proposed that the density of the planthopper hm-2 is more reasonable, but with no less than 5%. And further optimized the artificial period identification, the number of inoculation insects, the inoculation time and the worm age of the existing black-streaked dwarf diseases. Using the above identification system, a total of 1240 rice germplasms from 20 countries were identified as black-striped dwarf disease in 2010, and 34 varieties with initial incidence of less than 10% were obtained. In 2011 and 2012, 34 varieties of multi-year repeated resistance identification and found that three varieties from Southeast Asia Kanyakumari 29, Madurai 25 and Vietnam 160 for 3 consecutive years the incidence of less than 10%, the performance of the higher black-streaked disease resistance Sex. The results of further staging sowing showed that the incidence of Kanyakumari29 was less than 12% at 3 sowing dates and 3 identification points, while the incidence of Madurai 25 and Vietnam 160 was less than 9%. In addition, the incidence of Kanyakumari 29, Madurai 25 and Vietnam 160 under artificial inoculation was less than 9%. Therefore, the results of multi-year field trials and in-laboratory immunization showed that Kanyakumari 29, Madurai 25 and Vietnam 160 are stable and highly resistant to black-streaked dwarf disease. To sum up, the identification system of black-streaked dwarf disease in field and identification identified in this study is accurate and reliable and can be used for large-scale identification of black-streaked dwarf disease. The discovery of shrinking rice resources provides an important method and material basis for identification, breeding and utilization of the genes against rice black-streaked diseases in rice.