古典经济学理论认为，作为经济实体，企业是独立的商品生产者和经营者，它有自己独立的经济利益。其经济行为的基本目标和唯一动力，就是追求自身利润的最大化。从这个意义上说，企业是一个具有自利性特征的彻头彻尾的“经济人”。古典经济学进一步提出这样的理论假设，市场是 Classical economic theory holds that, as an economic entity, an enterprise is an independent commodity producer and manager and has its own independent economic interests. The basic goal and the only driving force of its economic behavior are to pursue its own profit maximization. In this sense, the enterprise is an outright “economic man” with self-serving characteristics. Classical economics further put forward such a theoretical assumption that the market is