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选取淀粉型甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)品种‘济徐23’为试验材料,于2013~2014年在山东农业大学农学试验站进行大田试验,采用二因素裂区设计,主区为不同氮肥水平,副区为不同钾肥水平,研究氮钾互作对甘薯氮钾元素吸收、分配和利用的影响及其与块根产量的关系。结果表明,不施用氮肥时的最佳施钾肥量是180 kg·hm~(-2),其氮钾元素利用效率最高、块根产量较高;施氮量为90 kg·hm~(-2)时,施钾肥量至少应该达到360 kg·hm~(-2),其地上部氮钾元素转运率、在块根中分配率和块根产量最高。在适量施氮条件下,获得甘薯高产的关键是促进地上部氮钾元素向块根转运,提高收获期在块根中的分配率。
The starch-type sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivar ’Jixue 23’ was selected as the experimental material, and was tested in the agronomic experimental station of Shandong Agricultural University from 2013 to 2014. The two-factor fracturing design was adopted in the main area with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. For different levels of potassium fertilizer, the effects of nitrogen and potassium interaction on the absorption, distribution and utilization of nitrogen and potassium in sweet potato and their relationship with root tuber yield were studied. The results showed that the optimal amount of applied potassium fertilizer was 180 kg · hm -2 when no nitrogen fertilizer was applied, and the nitrogen and potassium utilization efficiency was highest and the root yield was higher. The nitrogen application rate was 90 kg · hm -2, , The amount of K fertilizer applied should be at least 360 kg · hm -2. The translocation rate of N and K in aboveground parts of the plant was the highest, and the distribution rate and root tuber yield were highest in the roots. The key to high yield of sweet potato under suitable amount of nitrogen was to promote the transport of nitrogen and potassium to the roots of shoots and increase the distribution rate of the roots in the roots.