分子生物学的研究认为：肿瘤的发生与细胞原癌基因的激活及抑癌基因的失活有关。目前，p53抑癌基因受到普遍关注。它的改变在很多恶性肿瘤中都有发现；如大肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌，很多软组织肉瘤及恶性血液病等，被认为是人类恶性肿瘤最常见的基因改变，是细胞生长失控的一个重要 Molecular biology studies suggest that the occurrence of tumors is related to the activation of cellular proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. At present, the p53 tumor suppressor gene has received widespread attention. Its changes have been found in many malignant tumors; for example, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, many soft tissue sarcomas, and hematological malignancies, are considered to be the most common genetic changes in human malignancies and are an important factor in the out-of-control growth of cells.