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为掌握城市扩张对农田生态健康的影响,在划定辽宁省沈阳市沈北新区的城市边缘区基础上,依次对在城市、城市边缘区及乡村范围内农田的耕地、草地和林地三类生境的大中型土壤动物进行取样,分析了多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数,并通过计量模型进行了验证。结果表明:农田中土壤动物优势类群为土壤线虫,常见类群为隐翅甲科、象甲科、蜘蛛目等11类。无论在农田尺度还是生境尺度土壤动物个体数量均由城市、城市边缘区至乡村呈现高、低、高的变化趋势,而物种量均无明显规律性变化。其原因为城市边缘区土地利用变化强度均高于城市和乡村,农田受人为干扰最为强烈,造成农田土壤动物个体数量减少最多。而物种量无明显变化或因沈北新区城市扩张时间较短尚未对物种量造成影响。
In order to grasp the impact of urban expansion on the ecological health of farmland, based on the demarcation of the urban fringe of Shenbei New District in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, three types of habitats including farmland, grassland and woodland in urban areas, urban fringe areas and rural areas Of large and medium-sized soil animal samples were sampled, the diversity index, evenness index and richness index were analyzed and verified by econometric model. The results showed that the predominant soil fauna in farmland was soil nematode, and the common groups were 11 families, such as Cryptopaeceae, Asteraceae and Araneae. No matter in farmland or habitat, the number of individuals of soil fauna showed a trend of high, low and high in the urban fringe and urban fringes to the rural areas, but there was no obvious regular change in the species. The reason is that the intensity of land use change in urban fringe areas is higher than that in cities and rural areas, and farmland is the most disturbed by human activities, resulting in the most reduction in the number of soil animal individuals in farmland. No significant changes in species or due to the short duration of urban expansion in Shenbei New Area has not affected the species.