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高速公路是年平均昼夜汽车交通量25000辆以上,专供汽车分道高速行驶,划分车道和设置中央分隔带,采用全部立体交叉和全部控制出入,具有良好的安全、服务和交通管理设施的现代化公路类型。它有以下特点:(1)汽车专用,其他车辆、行人不准进入;(2)有4车道以上,设计速度一般80千米/时～120千米/时;(3)来向和去向车道之间有矮树和栏杆相隔并有几条车速不同的车道;(4)与别的道路交叉处有立体交叉桥横跨。(5)路面平整、坚固、坡度平缓,没有急弯,没有红绿信号灯;(6)车道上,后车与前车的距离一般要间隔70米～100米。一、高速公路的发展历程及状况20世纪30年代,随着汽车工业的迅速发展,公路运量猛增,形成车多路少的局面。原来的公路形式不仅不能满足运输的需求,而且交通肇事死亡率大大增高。在这种情况下,出现了高速公路这种新形式。1932年,德国建成通车的波恩至科隆的高速公路,是世界上第一条高速公路。以后意大利、荷兰、美国等相继兴建高速公路。20世纪50年代以后,世界各国开始
The expressway has an average daily and late-night automobile traffic of more than 25,000 vehicles. It is designed for high-speed car lanes, lanes, and central separation belts. It adopts all three-dimensional intersections and all control access. It has good safety, service, and modernization of traffic management facilities. Type of road. It has the following characteristics: (1) It is used exclusively for automobiles; other vehicles and pedestrians are not allowed to enter; (2) There are 4 lanes or more, and the design speed is generally 80 km/h to 120 km/h; (3) Direction of arrival and departure There are short trees and railings between them and there are several lanes with different speeds; (4) There is a three-dimensional crossover bridge crossing with other roads. (5) The road surface is smooth, firm, gentle slope, no sharp bends, no red and green signal lights; (6) In the lane, the distance between the rear car and the front car is generally 70 meters to 100 meters. First, the development process and status of the highway In the 1930s, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, the traffic volume of highways soared. The original road form not only failed to meet the demand for transportation, but also the traffic accidental death rate greatly increased. In this case, this new form of expressway appeared. In 1932, Germany was opened to traffic between Bonn and Cologne, and it was the world’s first freeway. Later, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States successively built highways. After the 1950s, all countries in the world began