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在甘肃省小陇山沙坝落叶松云杉国家良种基地日本落叶松[Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Carr.]无性系种子园选择了3个结实无性系分株,采用随机试验设计,在花期前10d(春季)、球果生长期(夏季)和种子成熟期(秋季)施N(尿素)肥2.5kg/株的试验,观察不同施肥季节对种实性状和球果产量,抗逆性的影响,结果表明:种实性状和母树结实量受无性系遗传因素和施肥季节双重因素影响。球果长、球果宽、球果长/宽、球果鲜质量,种子长、种子宽、种子长/宽、千粒质量,母树球果产量施肥季节的方差分别占总体方差的98.76%、52.30%、92.61%、37.06%、8.49%、72.62%、64.57%、81.55%、21.37%,球果鲜质量、种子长、母树球果产量无性系的遗传因素起主导作用。种实性状间呈显著或极显著相关关系,施肥改善种实性状,从而提高种子园产量。春季和夏季施肥显著改善种实性状,春季施肥效果最为显著;秋季施肥虽不改善种实性状,但增加树体抗逆性,连年施肥后树体抗逆性增强,散粉期比对照延长1~2d,落叶晚于对照,缩小种子大小年。日本落叶松种子园管理中除重视施肥时期的把握外还要重视结实优良无性系的选择。
Three clonal ramets were selected from Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. Clonal seed orchard in Xiaolongshan sandy barrage larch spruce national seedling base in Gansu province. The effects of different fertilization seasons on seed set and coniferous yield and stress resistance were observed under 10 d (spring), coniferous (summer) and seed maturing (autumn) treatments with 2.5 kg / plant N The results showed that the seed-type traits and the growth of female tree were affected by the genetic factors of clones and fertilization season. The variance of seasonal fertilization season accounted for 98.76% of the total variance for the long cones, wide cones, long / wide cones, fresh fruit mass, long seeds, wide seeds, long / 52.30%, 92.61%, 37.06%, 8.49%, 72.62%, 64.57%, 81.55%, 21.37%, the fresh quality of the seeds, the length of the seeds and the clonal population of the parent tree cones play a leading role. There was a significant or extremely significant correlation between seed-type traits. Fertilization improved the seed-type traits and thus increased the yield of seed orchard. The spring and summer fertilization significantly improved the seed-setting traits, and the spring fertilization had the most significant effect. Although the fertilization in autumn did not improve the seed-setting traits, it increased the tree resistance and the tree stress- 2d, leaves later than the control, reduce the size of the seed year. Japanese larch seed orchard management, in addition to the emphasis on fertilization period, but also attach importance to the selection of fine clones.