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如果对二十世纪西方文论作大的划分,至少有这样四个块团:精神分析,形式主义,现象学与存在哲学,后现代。这四个块团中,形式主义文论、现象学与存在哲学美学,是最大的两个块团:前者包括新批评、神话—原型批评、结构主义诗学,后者除了现象学美学,还包括存在主义文论、历史悠久的诠释学在存在哲学的影响下产生出哲学诠释学,哲学诠释学与现象学美学的汇流,又产生出接受美学与读者反应批评。我们可以用四种具体模式来概括二十世纪的西方文论:文本—作者模式、文本模式、文本—读者模式、文本—社会模式。虽然二十世纪各种西方哲学与文论思潮之间有着差异与递嬗关系,但它们在上述四种模式中又有着一定程度的交叉与并存。自然,一个总的趋势是从现代模式调整为后现代模式,再由后现代模式中走出来。
If there is a large division of Western literary theory in the twentieth century, there are at least four such clusters: psychoanalysis, formalism, phenomenology and existential philosophy, and postmodernism. Among the four groups, formalism, phenomenology and existential philosophical aesthetics are the two largest groups of churches: the former includes new criticism, mythology, archetypal criticism and structuralist poetics. The latter, in addition to phenomenological aesthetics, Including existentialist literary theory. The hermeneutical hermeneutics has produced the confluence of philosophical hermeneutics, philosophical hermeneutics and phenomenological aesthetics under the influence of existential philosophy, and has also produced criticisms of accepting aesthetics and audience reaction. We can summarize the 20th century Western literary theory in four specific modes: text-author mode, text mode, text-reader mode, text-social model. Although there are differences and transmutations between the various western philosophies and the literary theories in the twentieth century, they have some degree of cross-over and coexistence in the above four models. Naturally, one general trend has been to move from a modern model to a postmodern model and then to a postmodern model.